![]() Y-ligament of Bigelow, Ligament of Bertin Test what you've learned about the hip joint so far, by taking our quiz. The capsule of the hip joint is reinforced inferiorly by the pubofemoral ligament and posteriorly by the ischiofemoral ligament. The deeper circular fibers form a collar around the femoral neck, the zona orbicularis (orbicular zone or annular ligament) and have no bony attachments. The external longitudinal fibers of the fibrous capsule generally travel in a spiral manner from the hip bone to the proximal femur. The capsule has two major groups of fibers, longitudinal and circular. Posteroinferiorly, the capsule is relatively thin and loosely attached. The capsule of the hip joint is notably thicker anterosuperiorly, which is the area of maximal stress, particularly in the upright position when the hip is extended. It is worth noting that part of the femoral neck is intracapsular and part is extracapsular. It attaches to the intertrochanteric line anteriorly, the base of the femoral neck superiorly, about 1cm superomedial to the intertrochanteric crest posteriorly and on the femoral neck close to the lesser trochanter inferiorly. From its acetabular attachment, the fibrous layer extends laterally to its distal attachment on the proximal femur. The external fibrous layer of the capsule is attached to the acetabulum proximally, close to the margin of the acetabular rim and to the transverse acetabular ligament. The hip joint is enclosed by a strong fibrous capsule and lined internally by synovial membrane. Inferiorly, the acetabular labrum continues as the transverse acetabular ligament, bridging the acetabular notch and transforming the notch into a foramen. This structure deepens the acetabulum by raising the rim of the acetabulum slightly, thereby increasing the acetabular articular area by about 10%. Attached to the margin of the acetabulum is a fibrocartilaginous collar called the acetabular labrum. It contains loose connective tissue (fibroelastic fat pad) which is covered by synovial membrane. This area is devoid of cartilage and is continuous with the acetabular notch. The deep central nonarticular floor of the acetabulum is referred to as the acetabular fossa. The deficient inferior aspect of the acetabulum forms the acetabular notch. This surface is broadest anterosuperiorly where it bears most of the body weight during standing. The lunate surface forms an incomplete ring that occupies the superior and lateral aspects of the acetabulum missing its inferior segment. ![]() The acetabulum bears a prominent semilunar region known as the lunate surface that is covered by articular cartilage. It plays a significant role in the stability of the hip joint as it almost entirely encompasses the head of the femur. The acetabulum is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischiumand pubic bones. The femoral head is covered with articular ( hyaline) cartilage with the exception of a rough central depression, the fovea capitis, which is a surface of attachment for the ligament of the femoral head (ligamentum teres capitis femoris). The hip joint is the articulation between the ellipsoid head of the femur and the hemispherical concavity of the acetabulum located on the lateral aspect of the hip bone. Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries, obturator artery, superior and inferior gluteal arteriesįlexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation and circumduction Intracapsular: transverse ligament of the acetabulum, ligament of the head of the femurįemoral nerve, obturator nerve, superior gluteal nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris Head of femur, lunate surface of acetabulumĬapsular: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral This article will discuss the anatomy and function of the hip joint. The hip joint is the most stable joint in the human body. The entire weight of the upper body is transmitted through this joint to the lower limbs during standing. Compared to the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint, however, this joint sacrifices mobility for stability as it is designed for weight bearing. The hip joint is a multiaxial joint and permits a wide range of motion flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation and circumduction. In this joint, the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic (hip) bone. The hip joint is a ball and socket type of synovial joint that connects the pelvic girdle to the lower limb.
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